Interleukin-6 Levels in Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis

Interleukin-6 Levels in Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis Investigation of Interleukin-6 Levels in Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis Dr. Sonawane Vijay B., Dr. Mehkarkar Nitin S., Dr. Jadhav Pradnya B., Dr. Gaikwad Sonali U., Dr. Kadam Nitin N. Division of Pediatrics, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, INDIA Conceptual Presentation: Neonatal septicemia is one of the commonest reasons for neonatal mortality and grimness. Interleukin-6 Levels has all the earmarks of being one of the most encouraging applicant cytokine for early determination of neonatal septicemia. The point and destinations of this investigation was to contemplate the job of IL-6 levels as an early marker for conclusion of neonatal sepsis and to contrast IL-6 levels and other septic markers. Materials and Methods: This is a medical clinic based forthcoming investigation to assess the viability of IL-6 as an early analytic marker of neonatal sepsis. Eighty neonates, conveyed in the emergency clinic, having hazard factors for neonatal sepsis, alongside those coming to medical clinic with signs and side effects of sepsis as long as 28 days of life (as study bunch ) alongside typical babies admitted to the postnatal ward without high hazard factors (control gathering) were enlisted for this examination. Results: IL-6 Levels has demonstrated most extreme Sensitivity of 95.83%, Specificity of 87.50%, Positive Predictive Value of 92 %, Negative Predictive Value of 93.33 % and Accuracy of 92.50 %. E.Coli was the most widely recognized creature answerable for sepsis. CRP was accounted for to be profoundly sensitive(84.21%), and CBC was exceptionally explicit (75.00%), IT proportion has affectability of 62.5% and explicitness of 56.25% while Micro-ESR has indicated affectability of 50.0% and particularity of 62.5%, Out of 80 cases, blood culture (BacTalert) demonstrated development in 48 cases in study gathering while two cases in charge gathering. Accordingly blood culture inspiration was 60%. End: IL-6 test has most extreme affectability just as explicitness in correlation with other septic markers. Blood culture is the best quality level for the finding of septicemia.CRP is generally touchy while CBC is most explicit marker in neonatal sepsis. Watchwords: Neonatal Sepsis, Diagnostic Markers, Mortality, IL-6 Levels. Presentation Neonatal Septicemia is the main source neonatal mortality and bleakness in India. It is assessed that 20% of all neonates create sepsis1 and is answerable for 30-half of all out neonatal passing in creating countries2. Exact and convenient finding of neonatal sepsis despite everything stays a significant test to the pediatricians and neonatologists. Mortality because of neonatal sepsis is preventable and whenever analyzed early the result is better. A few markers have been assessed as septic screen for the early determination of neonatal sepsis like CBC, CRP, Micro-ESR, IT proportion, and Blood Culture. There is a steady quest for better and perfect demonstrative marker. Perfect marker should be touchy, explicit and effectively accessible. Its outcomes ought to be prompt and reproducible. As of late different new markers are being concentrated, for example, IL-6, TNF-ÃŽ ±, Procalcitonin, G-CSF and so forth. IL-6 is an inducer of hepatic protein combination which advances creation and freedom of CRP and can be recognized early when there is bacterial circulation system attack. It seems, by all accounts, to be one of the most encouraging applicant cytokine for early finding of neonatal septicaemia.3,4 In the current examination led at Mahatma Gandhi Mission Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IL-6 levels were surveyed in ordinary solid infants just as babies with high hazard factors for sepsis and the handiness of IL-6 was assessed as an early marker for sepsis location and its viability was contrasted and other septic markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Design: A planned report configuration was utilized to assess the adequacy of IL-6 as an early analytic marker of neonatal sepsis. This is an emergency clinic based investigation directed in M.G.M Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai. Study Period: July-2005 to August-2007 Test Size: Eighty neonates, conveyed in the emergency clinic, having hazard factors for neonatal sepsis, alongside those coming to medical clinic with signs and manifestations of sepsis as long as 28 days of life (as Study Group) likewise typical infants admitted to the postnatal ward without high hazard factors (Control Group) were enlisted for this investigation. Babies were treated with anti-infection agents for clinical proof of sepsis positive septic score according to neonatal sepsis score framework (Table 1). Table 1: Neonatal sepsis score system5 Score1=risk of contamination, Score2=need septic work up to avoid, Score 3 or more=investigate and treat A point by point history was taken and assessment was finished. Following lab tests were done when hypothetical conclusion of sepsis was made dependent on septic score framework and on clinical grounds. All examinations were done inside 24 hours of birth or at introduction before beginning anti-toxins like IL-6 levels, CBC, CRP with titer, Micro ESR, Immature to Total (IT) proportion, fringe smear for poisonous granules and band structures, blood culture (BacTalert), x-beam chest, CSF at whatever point showed and so forth. Not long after birth, 1 ml of venous blood was drawn for blood culture. Likewise 5 ml of venous blood was gathered for TLC, DLC, fringe blood smear, smaller scale ESR and CRP. CRP was sent at 12 hours of life in babies with high hazard factors for sepsis. This examination was affirmed by Ethical Committee of this emergency clinic. Educated Written Consent was acquired from guardians before section into this examination. Data of chose neonates including definite his tory and clinical assessment was recorded on a predesigned proforma. Interleukin-6 Levels Determination3,4 : 1 ml blood was gathered in plain bulb and serum was tried by Chemiluminescent Immunometric strategy in IMMULITE Machine1000 (Table 2). IMMULITE 1000 IL-6 is a strong stage, chemical named, Chemiluminescent consecutive immunometric test. The utilization of a ultracentrifuge is prescribed to clear lipemic tests. Volume required †100  µL serum, EDTA or Heparinized Plasma (Sample cup must contain at any rate 250  µL more than the absolute volume required). Interpretation6,7: Table 2 †Interpretation Guide for Immune Monitoring Information ANALYSIS Information was gathered, grouped, arranged and investigated. Trial of centrality were applied at fitting spots and understanding was done appropriately. To assess the contrast between the classifications, McNemar Chi Square test was utilized as a trial of criticalness. A p-estimation of under 0.05 was considered measurably noteworthy. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Of aggregate of 80 cases, with hazard factor and clinical signs and manifestations of sepsis (40 cases as study gathering) and typical solid babies without chance elements (40 cases as control gathering). The examination bunch comprises of 28 guys (70%) and 12 females (30%) while control bunch comprises of 21 guys (52.50%) and 19 females (47.50%). Among 40 infants of study gathering, 24(60%) are blood culture (BacTalert) positive and 16 (40%) are blood culture (BacTalert) negative while in control gathering, 1(2.50%) is blood culture (BacTalert) positive and 39(97.50%) are blood culture(BacTalert) negative (Fig. 1). Fig. 1: Bar Chart Showing Distribution of Cases According to Blood Culture In study gathering, E-coli involved the most extreme number of cases representing sepsis for example 7 (17.5%) trailed by 5 cases (12.5%) of Acinetobacter baumanii, 5 cases (12.5%) of Klebsiella Pneumoniae, 2 cases(5%) each for Citrobacter and Staphylococcus aureus and 1 case (2.5%) has indicated Pseudomonous Sp., Burkholderia cepacia and Fungus while no development in 16 (40% ) cases. In control gathering, just 1 case (2.5%) shows development of Acinetobacter baumanii and 39 cases (97.5%) are sterile (Fig. 2). Bhargava et al8 noted in their investigation that the occurrence of E.Coli as the causative living being of neonatal sepsis was 45%. Mirfet al9 in their investigation of 50 cases likewise demonstrated comparable outcomes. McCraken10 , Faridi and Gupta11 , Kumar GD et al12 have likewise revealed that gram negative septicemia is more typical than gram positive septicemia Study Group Control Group Fig. 2: Pie Chart Showing Distribution of Cases According to Microbiological Growth on Blood Culture Out of 40 cases in study gathering, CBC is anomalous in 13 cases (32.5%), Blood Culture (BacTalert) was certain in 24 cases (60%) and 4 cases (10%) has CBC strange with sterile blood culture. In this investigation CBC had low affectability (37.50%) and high particularity ( 75.00%). Chan and Ho13 uncovered in their examination that irregular CBC had the most reduced affectability and PPV while strange ANC had the least explicitness and NPV among them. (Fig. 3) Fig. 3: Bar Chart Showing Distribution of Cases According to CBC Out of 40 cases in study gathering, CRP is responsive in 31 cases (77.5%), Blood culture is certain in 24 cases (60%) and 15 cases (37.5%) are having CRP receptive with sterile blood culture. In this investigation CRP was accounted for generally touchy (84.21%) however low specific(28.57%), Franz AR et al14 demonstrated that there is commonly a postponement of as long as 24 hours between beginning of indications of contamination and an ascent in serum CRP. Affectability of the test at introduction is just 40% that is, 60% of in this way demonstrated sepsis scenes will have an ordinary introductory CRP. (Fig. 4). Fig. 4: Bar Chart Showing Distribution of Cases According to CRP Out of 40 cases in study gathering, IT Ratio is anomalous in 22 cases (55%), Blood Culture is sure in 24 cases (60%) and 7 cases (17.5%) are having IT Ratio strange with sterile blood culture. In our investigation IT proportion was accounted for NPV of 50.0%. Ghosh et al15 contemplated 103 high hazard neonates having inclining perinatal elements or clinical doubt of sepsis and found that a strange juvenile to add up to neutrophil (IT) proportion were the most touchy markers in distinguishing neonates with sepsis demonstrating high negative prescient incentive over 94%. (Fig. 5) Fig. 5: Bar Chart Showing Distribution of Cases According to IT Ratio Out of 40 cases in study gathering, Micro-ESR is abn

Cumberland Metal Industries Essay Example for Free

Cumberland Metal Industries Essay In its underlying assessment, the organization accepts that the new item, twisted metal pad cushions, has a potential for expanding the company’s deals and benefit and for differentiating the items it offers. Early requests for the item give off an impression of being acceptable, anyway a top to bottom examination of the promoting perspective is essential before the organization can acquaint the item with the market. Situational Analysis Based on the two preliminaries made, obviously the organization is in control of an item that is better than any of those as of now accessible in the market. The inquiry just is how much preferable this item is over the others effectively accessible. In view of the main preliminary played out, the item is 25% more proficient than its nearest rival regarding feet of heaps determined every hour. It likewise expands the productivity of the tasks by requiring less time for set changes of about 80%. Each arrangement of the item likewise performs multiple times better than said contender. In the subsequent preliminary, the item kept up its past presentation to the extent feet driven every hour time for set changes is concerned. It outperformed its past exhibition by performing forty-nine times superior to its rival. The productivity and effectivity of the item means different types of investment funds with respect to the client. To begin with, the temporary worker or developer will diminish the expense of rental of the hardware utilized in the development by at any rate 25%. On the off chance that the workers’ remuneration is processed dependent on the quantity of hours worked, the contractual worker or developer will bring about investment funds adding up to 25% of the expense of work. Beside its effectiveness the item can likewise diminish, with respect to the laborers, the wellbeing hazard ordinarily connected with the utilization of asbestos and decline employers’ costs identifying with workers’ medical coverage over the long haul. Real figures of interest for the item are difficult to ascertain. In view of the presumptions made by Mr. Simpson that the development business should drive 290 million to 390 million feet of heaps every year, the all out interest for the item every year is around 174,000 (290,000,000/10,000 x 6) to 324,000 (390,000,000/10,000 x 6) cushions yearly. To enter the market, the organization should persuade the key players of the development business that it should utilize the item. The endorsement of the design/counseling firms, building/development temporary workers and self employed entities are an unquestionable requirement since they are the ones that will really utilize the items. Self employed entities could be focused since they are all the more ready to attempt new items that can build their benefits. A positive audit from this gathering can persuade greater firms to utilize the item. The endorsement of heap hammer producers and heap hammer dispersing/leasing organizations will be acceptable yet redundant. These two gatherings realize that the utilization of the item will diminish their benefits so they have inspiration to not prescribe the items to their clients. Heap hammer circulating/leasing organizations can give a productive dispersion channel and decrease the company’s conveyance cost since the component is as of now set up, yet not having the endorsement of this gathering isn't basic since different techniques for dissemination are accessible to the organization. When measure of interest for the item is enormous enough this gathering can later choose to offer the item to their clients. Proposals Initially, the estimating utilized by the organization ought to be founded on the information gave by the main test since it is increasingly preservationist. It can step by step increment its costs if the presentation of the subsequent preliminary is affirmed by genuine practice. In view of the principal preliminary, the organization should charge $167 per cushion. This cost is registered by increasing the expense of each set with the quantity of sets required ($50 x 20 cushions) and partitioning the outcome with the no. f stack of twisted metal pad required (1000/6). By utilizing this value, the buyer will acquire a similar measure of cost for pad cushions in a venture whether it utilizes asbestos or the twisted metal pads; it is just the measure of pad cushions utilized that will differ. Nonetheless, this cost doesn't charge purchaser for the extra advantages gave by the item, for example, 25% diminishing in the expense of leasing hardware and wages of workers. This will be the selling purpose of the item upon its presentation. It will be significant for the organization to focus on building the certainty of the key players of the business, rather than expanding the benefits in the initial not many long stretches of presenting the item. Advertising efforts ought to be engaged towards persuading the design/counseling firms, building/development contractual workers and self employed entities to utilize the items. It could attempt to showcase the items legitimately to these gatherings since leasing organizations might be reluctant to disseminate items that will diminish the benefits produced by the administrations they advertised. Additionally, most temporary workers utilized their own heap pounds as opposed to leasing, so circulation through these leasing organizations has constrained reach. Self employed entities ought to be given specific consideration, most definitely, since these gatherings are bound to attempt new techniques that diminishes their expense and expands their primary concern than the more settled firms. At the point when the notoriety of the item is built up, it can choose whether it will proceed with its immediate methodology or utilize the administrations of heap hammer disseminating/leasing organizations. For the reasons expressed over, the requests of the Colerick Foundation Company ought to be acknowledged by the organization since this would be the first of the company’s direct deals. In rundown, I might want to suggest that the organization sell its twisted metal pad cushions for $167 each. The organization should initially center in building the notoriety of its item in view of its creative quality. One method of doing so is persuading the specialists that it is better than everything else present in the market.

California Credit Union Receives Distinguished Service Award - OppLoans

California Credit Union Receives Distinguished Service Award - OppLoans California Credit Union Receives Distinguished Service Award California Credit Union Receives Distinguished Service AwardInside Subprime: September 10, 2019By Lindsay FrankelA California-based credit union was given the “Air Force Distinguished Credit Union Award” for the fifth time in the last two decades. Each year, only one on-base credit union is chosen to receive the award, which is presented by the U.S. Department of the Air Force for efforts to provide access to services and increase financial literacy skills among Air Force members.The judging criteria for the award included the following categories:Customer service and quality of facilitiesFinancial literacy programs provided to residents of the baseFinancial products that help active service members avoid payday loansInvolvement in the “Military Saves” program and other community programsThe credit unions financial education efforts were particularly robust. “In 2018 alone, [the credit union] provided financial education classes to nearly 1,000 military members and conducte d over 250 seminars to promote financial fitness,” Travis Air Force Base 60th Air Mobility Wing Commander Col. Jeffrey W. Nelson said. “Between these classes and supporting over 600 community and base events, the credit union encapsulates an unwavering commitment to serve Team Travis.”In addition to offering training courses and weekly meetings for newcomers, the credit union participates in the Military Saves program by making a $25 contribution when a member opens a savings account. The credit union also offers low-interest lines of credit to help members pay off predatory payday loans.A payday loan is a short-term loan that carries exorbitantly high annualized interest rates. The average APR on a payday loan in California, for example, is a whopping 411 percent. The short repayment period and high interest and fees associated with these loans make them difficult to pay back in the time allotted, and this costly method of borrowing often leads already financially-strapped in dividuals into a debt trap.Payday lenders are known to target military members. There is a high concentration of payday loan storefronts around military bases, and payday lenders prey on servicemembers at double the rate at which they target civilians. Furthermore, deployment and inconsistencies in pay can make it difficult for servicemembers to make ends meet, That’s why low-cost credit options, like those offered through the credit union, are so important to the financial stability of members of the Air Force.Members surveyed in the past year reported that the credit unions quality of service was unparalleled by competitors. They noted an exceptionally friendly staff, a high level of accuracy, and fast approval for loans as reasons for the comparison.Learn more about payday loans, scams, and cash advances by checking out our city and state financial guides, including Florida, Illinois, Chicago, Ohio, and more.Visit  OppLoans  on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIn

Capital Punishment The Death Penalty - 1310 Words

Death Penalty Capital punishment is the act of executing a person, who was found guilty of a serious crime. Executions are the ultimate punishment for a crime, because there is no abolition from death. The logical alternative is life in prison without parole, yet a lot of nations still perform the death penalty. The debate whether capital punishment is ethical/justifiable is still widely disputed. Although it is considered unethical, capital punishment serves as one of the most vital yet controversial subjects today. It is evident that the death penalty should be supported and enforced by the government due to Capital Punishment The History of Capital Punishment Understanding the history behind capital punishment helps illustrate why the issue is so divisive. The death penalty is nothing new to our society and has been in effect for ages. According to PBS, in the 18th Century BC, the Code of King Hammurabi of Babylon codified the death penalty for twenty five different crimes, although murder was not one of them. The first death sentence historically recorded, occurred in 16th Century BC Egypt where the criminal, a member of nobility, was accused of magic and ordered to take his own life. The first recorded execution in the English American colonies was in 1608 when officials executed George Kendall of Virginia for supposedly plotting to betray the British to the Spanish. Some colonies were very strict in their use of the death penalty, while others were less so. In 1612,Show MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1482 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. McElmoyl 12/12/14 Capital Punishment As stated by former governor of New York, Mario M. Cuomo, Always I have concluded the death penalty is wrong because it lowers us all; it is a surrender to the worst that is in us; it uses a power- the official power to kill by execution- that has never brought back a life, need inspired anything but hate. (Cuomo 1) This is one of the main arguments against capital punishment (also known as the death sentence.) Capital punishment is the ability for a governmentRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment931 Words   |  4 Pageswritten down (Robert). The death penalty was applied for a particularly wide range of crimes. The Romans also used death penalty for a wide range of offenses. Historically, the death sentence was often handled with torture, and executions, except that it was done in public. In this century, the death penalty, execution or capital punishment, whatever you’d like to refer it as, is the result for committing capital crimes or capital offences and it is not in public. 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Amnesty International reports that there are 140 countries worldwide that have abolished the death penalty, while over 50 countries stillRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Capital Punishment1271 Words   |  6 Pages What is the death penalty? The death penalty is a capital punishment that is punishable by death or execution. This is usually given to people that have committed serious offences or capital crimes. There are 31 states in the United States that are for the death penalty. Crimes that are punishable by the death penalty, vary from state to state. Examples of such crimes are; first degree murder or premeditated murder, murder with special circumstances, such as: intende d, multiple, and murder whichRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1539 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment, otherwise known as the death penalty, has been the center of debate for a long time. Capital punishment may be defined as the â€Å"[e]xecution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense† (Capital Punishment). Up until 1846, when Michigan became the first to abolish the death sentence, all states allowed legal practice of capital punishment by the government (States). Currently, there 32 states still supporting the death penalty and 18Read MoreThe Death Penalty Of Capital Punishment1480 Words   |  6 Pagesjustice system, such as the death penalty. Capital punishment has been used many times in history all around the world, and it was quite popular. Many people argue that capital punishment is useful in deterring crime and that it is only fair that criminals receive death as punishment for a heinous crim e. On the contrary, others see the death penalty as a violation of the 8th amendment. It restricts excessive fines, and it also does not allow cruel and unusual punishment to be inflicted upon criminals

The Geography Of The Greece And Roman Empires - 967 Words

The geography of the Greece and Roman Empires seem really similar, both on the coast lines of the Mediterranean Sea. But they are really different in terms of land and what crops they can grow. The Greece Empire while on the Mediterranean Sea had a vast problem with the weather conditions that the sea brought, many earthquakes, hurricanes and volcanoes. They also faced deep valleys and large mountain terrain. This land was not easy to farm wheat but it was a great place to grow olives and grapes. This was almost the opposite for the Roman Empire. They took over the entire land that surrounded the Mediterranean Sea, which included Greece. The Roman Empire acquired rich farmland and many mines. The farmland gave the Romans the ability to produce wheat and the mine produces minerals for trade. The biggest Roman geological force was their ability to trade and kept their economies going for the Romans. Mostly the Romans developed roadways and the trade along the water ways gave them a do minate empire. Culture of the Greece Empire was focused on philosophical truths rather than freedom or rights of the people. Greece was broken into many states; each state had their own laws, while they shared the same religious beliefs and money. Many Greeks believed in sports. Men and boys practiced sports daily. They believed it helped keep them physically fit as well as helped them prepare for war. Most importantly they are known for the Olympic Games, these games were played every fourShow MoreRelatedAn Overview of the Greek and Roman Empire1654 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Victoria Sogbesan Ms.Skinner World History 20 April 2015 Greek: Geography played an important role in the development of Gee civilization. The mountains and the sea played especially significant roles in the development of Greek history. Much of Greece consists of small plains river valleys surrounded by high mountain ranges. 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At an elevation of 2,490 ft. above sea level (Wikipedia 2015a) and â€Å"situated thirty-three miles west of the north end of the Mediterranean Seas and fifteen miles west of the north end of the Dead Sea† (Laney 1988), Jerusalem is locatedRead MoreThe Roman Empire : The Most Extensive Political And Social Structure Of Western Civilization1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe Roman Empire At its height, the Roman Empire was the most extensive political and social structure of western civilization. The remains of this empire can still be seen today. The empire was filled with advanced people and technology for its time. The Roman Empire has rich history, helpful geography and resources, provinces, an advanced government, unique people and a fascinating culture. Ancient Rome can be divided into three main parts. The Roman Monarchy, the Roman Republic, and the

What Are Children From Different Cultural Background Essay

3.P. 25 #3 In my practicum site, there are children from different cultural background. The cultural group presented are: African American, and Hispanic and Latino American. African American are resident of the United States but from African ancestry. In the past, they have been enslaved and brought to the U.S.A. They celebrate Black History Month and Kwanzaa. For African American Hispanic and Latino Americans, Cinco de Mayo and Hispanic Heritage Month are the events that have shaped the history of each cultural group. Famous people in the history of African Americans are Martin Luther King, other people such as inventors. A great website as a resource is â€Å"http:// blackinventor.com†. By celebrating Black history month, we can include art and crafts, games, songs, music, action rhymes. For the Hispanic and Latino Americans, they speak most of the time, Spanish at home and English at school. Some of them do not speak any Spanish as we can find also some who do not speaking English when they get to preschool. Some parents want them to conserve and learn Spanish and lots of them keep them away from school until they get two and a half years old or sometimes even older. We also have a child that is from South America especially Brazil therefore he speaks Portuguese (Brazilian). Hispanic Heritage month which is from September 15 to October 15 where the Latino culture is celebrated through arts and crafts, food, dance, song .. The websiteShow MoreRelatedIM Australian Too Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesIt can also be accessed as an audio copy from http://memfox.com/books/im-australian-too/. The book details all the multiple cultural identities that can be found across Australia. It poetically details that no matter where our families come from, or the hardships that may have faced, we can all find a home in Australia. The resource is useful in addressing language and literacy development for children from diverse cultural backgrounds because many children are given a chance to relate to it and alsoRead MorePart 1. Answer The Following Questions About Yourself.1495 Words   |  6 Pagesparticular ethnic/cultural group). †¢ What is your ethnic/cultural/linguistic identity? †¢ What has it meant to belong to your ethnic/cultural group? †¢ What do you like about your ethnic/cultural identity? †¢ What do you dislike about your ethnic/cultural identity? †¢ What are the advantages or disadvantages of belonging to the ethnic/cultural group you identify with? Self-reflecting on my ethnic and cultural background is always interesting because I have grown up in so many different countriesRead MoreSchool As A Context For Development956 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially intellectual ones†(Lightfoot et al., 2013, p.437). 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Environmental Impacts of Coal-Fired Power Generation in Australia

Question: Define the Report for Environmental Impacts of Coal-Fired Power Generation in Australia. Answer: Challenges: Run of the mill pipe gas from a coal fired power station in Australia has the accompanying parts (% vol/vol) nitrogen (74 %), carbon dioxide (13%), oxygen (5%), water vapor (7%), argon (1 %) and nitrogen oxide species (N2O, NO2, NO) at around 300-700 ppmv, and oxides of sulfur (SO2, SO3) at 200-600 ppmv for dark coals (lower for cocoa coals) (Mercer, Rijke and Dressler 2014). Compelling expulsion of a great many ton of CO2 weakened in extensive volume vent gas streams together with responsive contaminants, trailed by gas pressure and capacity or usage, displays a gigantic test. Monetary displaying led at CSIRO has distinguished no less than two essential obstacles to financially savvy CO2 catch from coal-let go power stations utilizing responsive dissolvable frameworks. CO2 catch in view of retention of CO2 from energy station pipe gas by means of treatment with weaken arrangements of amines, for example, monoethanolamine (MEA) require substantial capital base particularly the requirement for long ingestion sections of value stainless steel (Nasr and Connor 2014). Also, there is an expansive necessity for vitality to recover the CO2-stacked MEA dissolvable utilized for CO2 catch. CSIRO demonstrating has evaluated that the present expense of power era could twofold to represent 90% CO2 catch from the pipe gas (Mercer, Rijke and Dressler 2014). Future Work: Ammonia-Based CO2 Capture Technology: Model on the Basis of Rate: A thorough, rate-based structure created in Aspen Plus V7.3 was used for reproducing the CO2 collecting procedure which is based on NH3. Imitation of NH3CO2 SO2H2O structure has been dynamically and thermodynamically acknowledged against the analysis out comes along with those from released pilot-plant (Li et al. 2015). Construction of the absorberstripper model on the basis of rate authorizes the pragmatic and dependable evaluation and improved figuring of the energy fundamentals in the middle of the catch method. The data for the model including the response model, thermodynamic model, model acceptance and dynamic mode, has been represented in restrained component in late dispensation (Li et al. 2014). CO2 Capture System: Figure 1: Ammonia Based Post Combustion Capture Procedure (Source: Li et al. 2015, pp-10245) Figure 1 describes the entire NH3-based PCC practice. In addition to that, it includes the NH3 recycling component, CO2 pressure segment and CO2 catch unit with Australian dark coal-terminated energy station. Pipe gas in terms of the energy plant is frequently at 2344.8 tons/hour (t/h) and 120 C along with 6.0% H2O, 10.7% CO2 (418.5 t/h), 75.5% N2 and 7.8% O2 along with 200 ppmv SO2 (volume premise) (Li et al. 2015). Attributable regarding immense pipe gas rate of flow, single solitary PCC train outcomes within an innermost uphold section which distance diagonally of 20 meter, with the use of Mellapak 250Y pressing material (Li et al. 2014). NH3 Recycling Unit: The developed NH3 recycling element integrates the essentials of vent gas cooling and NH3 convalescence. It also consists of a clean segment, within which vaporized NH3 is improved trough a pretreatment segment and clean water, the high-temperature vent gas is used to recuperate NH3 inside the unit washer water and reprocess it toward the CO2 sustain within the section (Li et al. 2014). CO2 Capture Unit: A spurred CO2 catch procedure with 85% catch ability was planned to tackle the specific issues consisting of high cooling compulsion, vitality punishment and NH3 vaporization. These progresses include the following: Uplifting the temperature of the CO2 dispose dissolvable to 25 C and using a reasonably low solution NH3 obsession, predictable to stay away from both the significant vitality contribution and strong precipitation for dissolvable unsettling (Yang et al. 2014); Pertaining a two-phase absorption with center of the road cooling for essentially reducing the vaporized NH3 stages; CO2 density: The pressure activity was described through distinct six points along with modified release situations such as 40 C and 110 bar, making use of a weight modifier calculated MCompr investigation structure. We used three separate intercoolers by stages 1, 3, and 5 within the CO2 compressor for pulling out vaporous dampness from the pressurized CO2 and NH3 for meeting the requirement in terms of resulting land confiscation (Li et al. 2015). Auxiliary Equipment: A water divider component was up to date with keep up the H2O equalization in the entire structure; points of interest are in the sustaining data. Helper gear such as pipelines, blowers, pumps and heat exchangers is similarly incorporated within the intact PCC structure (Li et al. 2014). Mechanical efficiency and isentropic expertise regarding both blowers as well as pumps were set at ninety-five and eighty percent, respectively. Coal Gasification: IGCC or Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle refers to a technology which transforms coal into synthesis gas. Before combustion the elimination of the impurities from the coal is done (Bhutto, Bazmi and Zahedi 2013). The outcome of the process is low emission of particulates, sulfur dioxide and mercury. In compression with the generic pulverized coal, the process enhances the efficiency of the coal. Figure 2: IGCC Plants Flow Diagram (Source: Wei and Liu 2014, pp-1024) The gasification activity is capable of generating syngas from high-sulfur coal, heavy, biomass and petroleum residues. Gasification separates coal into hydrogen (H2), an engineered gas called "syngas," and carbon dioxide (CO2). While the H2 can be utilized for bitumen updating, a high-virtue CO2 is discharged amid H2 generation that can be caught for improved oil recuperation or capacity (Bhutto, Bazmi and Zahedi 2013). The syngas can be utilized as a fuel to supplant common gas or experience further refinement to deliver more H2 and CO2. Every one of the three items in the gasification procedure has business applications (Wei and Liu 2014). The underlying stride includes consolidating dried and pummeled coal, oxygen, and high-weight water or steam in a gasifier. The coal is presented to the steam under high temperatures, while the weight and oxygen levels are precisely controlled. This delivers a blend of H2, and a mix of CO2 and CO (carbon monoxide) which makes up syngas (Wei and Liu 2014). The syngas is then cooled utilizing water. The waste water is either treated at a waste administration plant, or reused once again into the gasification procedure. Any particles and follow metals are expelled from the syngas before it is prepared to be advertised as a substitute for normal gas, or it can be refined again to change over H2 to CO2 (Bhutto, Bazmi and Zahedi 2013). Hydrogen can be utilized to redesign an overwhelming raw petroleum (bitumen) into petroleum items, for example, fuel. Carbon-rich bitumen is extricated from oil sands stores as a thick and gooey semi-strong liquid. Treating the unrefined petroleum with H2 expels sulfur and nitrogen, and after that overhauls it into a manufactured rough (Monterroso et al. 2014). This, thus, can be changed over into gas, plane fuel, and other petroleum items. References: Bhutto, A.W., Bazmi, A.A. and Zahedi, G., 2013. Underground coal gasification: From fundamentals to applications.Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,39(1), pp.189-214. Li, K., Yu, H., Feron, P., Tade, M. and Wardhaugh, L., 2015. Technical and Energy Performance of an Advanced, Aqueous Ammonia-Based CO2 Capture Technology for a 500 MW Coal-Fired Power Station.Environmental science technology,49(16), pp.10243-10252. Li, K., Yu, H., Tade, M. and Feron, P., 2014. Theoretical and experimental study of NH 3 suppression by addition of Me (II) ions (Ni, Cu and Zn) in an ammonia-based CO 2 capture process.International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,24, pp.54-63. Li, K., Yu, H., Tade, M., Feron, P., Yu, J. and Wang, S., 2014. Process modeling of an advanced NH3 abatement and recycling technology in the ammonia-based CO2 capture process.Environmental science technology,48(12), pp.7179-7186. Mercer, A., de Rijke, K. and Dressler, W., 2014. Silences in the midst of the boom: Coal seam gas, neoliberalizing discourse, and the future of regional Australia.Journal of Political Ecology,21, pp.279-302. Monterroso, R., Fan, M., Zhang, F., Gao, Y., Popa, T., Argyle, M.D., Towler, B. and Sun, Q., 2014. Effects of an environmentally-friendly, inexpensive composite ironsodium catalyst on coal gasification.Fuel,116, pp.341-349. Nasr, G.G. and Connor, N.E., 2014.Natural Gas Engineering and Safety Challenges. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland. Wei, Q. and Liu, D., 2014. Adaptive dynamic programming for optimal tracking control of unknown nonlinear systems with application to coal gasification.IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering,11(4), pp.1020-1036. Yang, N., Yu, H., Li, L., Xu, D., Han, W. and Feron, P., 2014. Aqueous ammonia (NH3) based post combustion CO2 capture: A review.Oil Gas Science and TechnologyRevue dIFP Energies nouvelles,69(5), pp.931-945.

Research on behaviour of children with stay at home free essay sample

It is a personal and specific decision that has its perks as well as its pitfalls. Advancements in womens rights in the workplace have encouraged women to acquire higher paying Jobs. However, recent research suggests that more women are choosing to stay at home. It is not because of a lack of education or opportunity; they simply dont want to have someone else raise their children. A study by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) in 1999 found that the more hours a child spent at a non- maternal care before age 5, the less positive the childs interactions with his/her other will be. Two studies published in 2003 conducted by the NICHD found that children in day care had higher levels of stress and were more aggressive than those cared for at home by the mother. There are millions of children, however, who have working mothers and who grow up to be responsible, sucessful adults. We will write a custom essay sample on Research on behaviour of children with stay at home or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Benefits for children raised by stay-at-home mothers. STABILITY: This is the main benefir for your children. Knowing that you are there gives your child stability. You are able to answer your child questions, dry tears, and offer support. In addition, you will never get those year back. They experience fewer emotional and behavioural problems in childhood: want to help ensure your children turn out to be happy and socially well adjusted? Bond with them when they are infants. Thats the message from the university of Lowa, USA, which found that infants who have a close intimate relationship with their mothers are less likely to be troubled, aggressive or experience other emotional and behavioural problems when they reach school age. Bonding with your child has proven to help in a childs mental and emotional development. Consistency: Your children can rely on you. They can trust the consistency on the way you run your household. Being consistent with mealitimes, Chores, baths, and bedtimes teaches children organization and discipline. They need this consistency to give them structure and routine in their lives. Quality time: All kids need quality time with their mothers. Quality time gives them the assurance of being loved all the time. Quality time also keeps your child out of trouble, which often stems from boredom. the memories they will have of you depend on this quality time

Essay on The Shift of Power

Essay on The Shift of Power Essay on The Shift of Power The Shift of Power Labor organizations began in the 19th century and struggled to show significance, however they developed and proved their purpose during the industrial revolution. As technology changed and improved in working environments, unions had to do the same to remain significant. Two specific organizations signified the changes occurring between unions and employers, Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) and Local P-9 Meatpackers from Austin, Minnesota. In Phillip Drays reading, â€Å"A Time for Choosing,† he discusses in his chapter, â€Å"There is Power in a Union,† the disputes between Air Traffic Controllers and the federal government. PATCO and Ronald Reagan’s federal government stubbornly fought impeding each other’s requests on fair regulations. Bud and Ruth Schultz discussed in, â€Å"Cracking Down on New Voices of Union Militancy,† testimonies of the local community in Austin, who witnessed first hand the chaos taking place at the Hormel company and Local P-9 union. P-9er’s experienced government corruption and repression but disregarded personal needs and comfort to stand up for their beliefs. Many issues were involved in the disputes between the employers and the employees. Strategies were set in place to stay one step ahead of each other’s opponent. The public, media, courts, and authorities were unpredictable factors but played major roles in the disputes. While unions effectively progressed through time, disputes in the 1980’s displayed the shift in balance of power from unions to employers. Hormel employees and air traffic controllers had a list of issues with their respective employers, leading to dramatic strikes. Work conditions were unhealthy and overall benefits did not accommodate their justified needs. August of 1985 the Local P-9 struck against Hormel plant for, â€Å"Additional givebacks in wages and medical benefits and against dangerous speedup† (Sch ultz, 92). Employees conducting work in areas, such as the beef kill area, required frequent medical attention without additional benefits or worker’s compensation. After working at Hormel for five years, one employee stated, â€Å"In that five-year span, I required a hundred and ninety-six sutures and ended up having two surgeries to realign my wrist† (Schultz, 101). Not only were the short term affects unaccounted for, the long-term issues undoubtedly impacted the Hormel employees. Meatpackers had issues with physical injuries on the job. However air traffic control caused substantial mental stress on the controllers. The high level of stress prohibited occupational longevity, negating them from retirement plans. Once controllers put on a headset, they are responsible for millions of dollars and peoples lives, evidently, â€Å"a blackjack card dealer in Las Vegas is generally relieved from his duty after 40 minutes of dealing because of the monotony and menta l stress of keeping up with a deck of cards, while an air traffic controller responsible for moving air planes in and out of a busy airport will frequently remain on the radarscope for four hours without relief† (Drays, 623). Controller’s issues were not limited to medical benefits, but employees did not believe they were being paid as much as they were worth. American controllers averaged more work per week and, â€Å"received fewer vacation or paid sick days than controllers in major systems worldwide† (Drays, 628). PATCO felt a package worth about $740 million would appease their needs. On the other hand, Hormel dominated the meatpacking industry, continually increasing annual revenue. The increase of meat supply and demand was negatively correlated with employee income, because employees â€Å"couldn’t see any rationale in offering new concessions to a profitable employer, one making more money than it ever had before† (Schultz, 100). The employees’ frustration led them to take charge and rally each other and devise strategies to fight the irrational standards set by the

Human Relations Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Relations Case Study - Essay Example Introduction: Organizations are very important in the day to day life. One of the most basic and fundamental aspects of organizations is that it involves human resources. The word â€Å"organization† comes from the word â€Å"organize†. This word suggests a sense of order and management of human resources to bring about or achieve an intended result. Literature review Management is an umbrella word. It means controlling and harmonizing resources so that the organization can achieve its goals and targets. The word management clearly points to leadership of the organization. This is where the human resource begins. Leadership determines the quality of the organization almost directly. This is because it is charged with the responsibility of coming up with decisions that shall lift the quality of the organization. Poor leadership leads to unnecessary mistakes which end up in costing the organization a lot of resources. The quality of leadership is reflected through the org anizational leadership structure. Under the leadership structure various managers are assigned with different responsibilities which are viewed as pillars to the organization. This is to make sure that the growth of an organization is all round and evenly distributed. ... This includes coming up with the required standard of qualifications of the prospective workers. This also includes developing skills through training and creation of incentives. The aim of these activities is to come up with a strong workforce that shall work with high level of professionalism. The reward system of the organization is one of the most sensitive areas to the workers. This is because it can nurture talent or even demoralize the workers. This department does not exclude dealing with the cases of indiscipline among workers. In some large organizations, the human resource department is divided into many other smaller departments. These departments deal with specific matters within the organization. While still having a look at the human resource department of an organization, there are times when highly trained workers become involved in cases of indiscipline. These manifest in multiple ways. Some workers are fond of over drinking. This causes many of them to come to work when they are drunk. To illustrate this, our case involves a management trainee called Gary. Although he has full potential, he is not able to be fully helpful to the organization because of his drinking habit. Those who know Gary when he was studying at the university, say he was used to drinking a little too much. He was always late for classes and sometimes never showed up for classes at all. When called upon to be accountable, he had convincing excuses that left the lecturers and other concerned people with satisfaction. Somehow, that was able to cushion him from trouble as long as he was a student. However, when he joined the professional field as a management trainee, he initially thought the same excuses would work in the new work place. However, his bosses became

Letter of complaint against manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Letter of complaint against manager - Essay Example Based on stipulations presented by SEHA organization of medical practitioners, I do personally consider Dr. Amira amongst other doctors and administrators guilty of issues presented above. Firstly, I would like to concur with you on Dr. Amira situation who on several accounts have applied her position to influence activities at the work place. In this remark, I will establish in this letter that on 7th October, my client sent an email requesting for her annual review starting on November 5th, and 6th emphasizing on the urgency of her leave. However, in her letter, my client explains how her leave was neglected with the indirect command of Dr. Amira. According to Dr. Amira, leaves were not to be permitted. In this event, I would like to establish that my client was neglected, since a follow up 20th, Oct letter was put on oblivion by administrative assistants Ekhlas Ahmed. According to a letter written by Dr Amira on 3rd, November (two days before the official leave request day), it was categorical that Dr. Amira was adamant to issue a leave request to Dr. Fatima. The letter stated, and I quote â€Å"Unfortunately your request was submitted within a short notice and it has to be planned in advance, I have forward your request to HR and Health operation department for feedback†. For clarity, my client was given a leave of 32 days. For prudency, my client had submitted the request first 28 days in advance and second 40 days in advance; however, she could not access any of the two leaves because of bellicose action presented by Dr. Amira. On the account of SEHA Employees Handbook – Human Resources Policies commonly used by employees, it was imperative to consider that Dr. Amira had contravened basic ethics required by the codes. I would like to concur with you that, my client diligently abided by these rules. Code 3 in particular stipulates that Annual leave should be made 2 weeks prior upon the

Strategies for Forecasting Emergency Department Demand

Strategies for Forecasting Emergency Department Demand A Multivariate Time Series Approach to Modeling and Forecasting Demand in the Emergency Department Introduction: Reports by the General Accounting Office, American College of Emergency Physicians, and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) depict an overburdened United States crisis care framework described by congestion and patient consideration delays. From 1993 to 2003 crisis division (ED) visits expanded by 26% while the quantity of EDs diminished by 9%. These shifts in supply and interest have made a situation in which numerous EDs consistently work at or past their composed limit. A 2002 study charged by the American Hospital Association found that roughly 66% of every last one of EDs overviewed accept that they are working at or above limit. The same study found that the impression of congestion is absolutely related with the intricacy of administrations the doctors facility offers and is more predominant among clinics in urban settings. Notwithstanding having an antagonistic effect on patient and clinician fulfillment, ED congestion has malicious impacts on the both the quality and timetables of consideration conveyed in the ED. Expanding interest consolidated with developing lack of ED administrations makes the productive allotment of ED assets progressively imperative. In their report, the IOM prescribes that clinics use data innovation and utilization operations research techniques to end up more productive [3]. Interest anticipating is one such technique, determining is a broadly pertinent, multi-disciplinary science, and is a fundamental movement that is utilized to guide choice making in numerous zones of financial, mechanical, and experimental arranging. Demonstrating and anticipating interest is a dynamic territory of request among crisis medication scientists. Models and strategies that may be valuable for giving choice backing continuously for operational and asset portion errands have been quite compelling. A mixture of distinctive techniques have been proposed as suitable method for gauging request in the ED, a percentage of the proposed routines are: uni-variate time arrangement demonstrating, r ecreation displaying, queuing hypothesis, and machine learning strategies. The last goal was to investigate the potential utility of our multivariate determining models to give choice backing continuously for available to come back to work attendant staffing. The capacity to powerfully conform and assign staffing assets is prone to develop in significance as regulations obliging doctors facilities and EDs to hold fast to medical caretaker staffing proportions get to be more normal. The most settled samples of such government regulations exist in the condition of California where healing facilities have been obliged to watch particular patient-to-medical caretaker proportions subsequent to 2004. These regulations are questionable; in any case, government regulation of patient-to-attendant staffing proportions in different parts of the nation is plausible and pertinent enactment is being proposed on both the state and Federal levels. In spite of the fact that medical attendant staffing proportions remain politically dubious, the logical proof is convincing th at these proportions have a critical effect on nature of consideration, and a powerful group of writing has amassed showing that decreases in the patient-to-attendant proportion are connected with huge diminishments in mortality, unfavorable occasions, and patient length of sit tight. Methods: Study design: This was a review study utilizing totaled information for the year 2006 that was extricated from ED data frameworks. The neighborhood institutional survey board sanction this study and waived the necessity for educated assent. Study setting: This study was led utilizing information gathered from three healing centers worked by Inter-mountain Healthcare, a not-for-profit incorporated conveyance arrange that works clinics and facilities in Utah and southern Idaho. The three clinics were picked in light of the fact that they change in size and setting and the way in which the ED interfaces with whatever is left of the clinic. Table beneath gives unmistakable measurements to every clinic, and extra significant office attributes take after. Table 1  Operational descriptive statistics for three hospitals and hospital emergency departments (ED) Hospital Inpatient beds Trauma designation Teaching hospital ED beds (hall beds) Dedicated laboratory POCT Dedicated radiography Dedicated radiologist service Average hospital occupancy (SD)†  1 270 NA No 27 (5) No No No Yes 69.08% (15.16%) 2 475 Level I Yes 25 (7) No Yes Yes No 81.88% (9.22%) 3 350 Level II No 28 (4) Yes No Yes Yes 82.23% (9.59%) Hospital Average ED patients per day (SD) Average ED patient wait time (SD) Average ED patient LOS (SD) Admission rate Average ED patient board time (SD) Hospital occupancy >90% 1 144.75 (18.08) 33.78 (26.95) 168.81 (114.47) 9.50% 105.54 (69.22) 5.75% 2 108.20 (12.50) 23.07 (17.23) 183.47 (106.07) 21.20% 77.86 (54.88) 21.37% 3 120.60 (16.50) 50.24 (41.56) 185.38 (112.97) 14.50% 109.48 (97.88) 25.48% Point of care laboratory testing. † Average midday (12 pm) inpatient hospital occupancy during 2006.  §Percent of time midday census exceeded 90% during 2006. Data collection and processing: Information for this investigation were extricated from Intermountain Healthcares Oracle based electronic information distribution center. Accumulated hourly information were separated by means of SQL questions. Measures of statistics were gathered for every hour. ED patient evaluation was spoken to as the tally of patients either sitting tight for or getting treatment in the ED. Inpatient enumeration was characterized as the quantity of patients possessing an inpatient bed. Interest for research facility assets was measured as the quantity of lab batteries (e.g., complete blood check) that were gathered amid a given hour (e.g., 12:00:00–12:59:59). Preparatory examination showed that 26 basic lab batteries (Appendix A) represented pretty nearly 80% of the research facility volumes at the EDs included in this investigation. With a specific end goal to better study the effect of inpatient request on ED request we verified that it would be most fitting to cutoff our examination t o a center arrangement of research facility tests for which a noteworthy increment popular inside or remotely could have harmful impacts on ED operations. Thusly, just this center arrangement of 26 research facility batteries was incorporated in our numbers of ED and inpatient lab volumes. Comparative basis drove us to center our investigation on the interest for radiography and CT, as these two modalities represented right around 90% of the interest for radiology administrations at the EDs examined. We gathered the quantity of radiography and CT examining requests for every hour from the ED and inpatient healing center. Extra variables gathered incorporate hourly numbers of patient entries. All variables gathered and included in our investigation are abridged in Table underneath. Table 2Time series variables collected for analysis and inclusion in multivariate forecasting models Variable Definition ED arrivals Count of patients arriving to the ED during a given hour ED census Count of patients waiting for or receiving service in the ED on the hour ED laboratory orders Count of laboratory batteries ordered in the ED during a given hour ED radiography orders Count of radiography orders made in the ED during a given hour ED computed tomography (CT) orders Count of CT orders made in the ED during a given hour Inpatient census Count of patients occupying an inpatient bed on the hour Inpatient laboratory orders Count of laboratory batteries ordered in the inpatient hospital during a given hour Inpatient radiography orders Count of radiography orders made in the inpatient hospital during a given hour Inpatient CT orders Count of CT orders made in the inpatient hospital during a given hour Outcome measures Out-of-sample forecast accuracy was assessed for forecast horizons ranging from one to 24à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦h in advance by calculating the mean absolute error (MAE). The MAE is a frequently used and intuitive measure of forecast accuracy that measures the magnitude of the deviation between the predicted and observed values of a given time series. For a series of predicted valuesand the corresponding series of observed values (y1,y2,†¦,yn) (1) Model validation and forecasting Our essential target was to assess the legitimacy of our models as far as their capacity to give precise post-test conjectures of registration and of the interest for indicative assets in the ED. This was finished through a reproduced post-test estimating situation in which we incrementally extended the preparation set by 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦h and afterward produced figures for every single endogenous variable for skylines going from one to 24à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦h ahead. This methodology empowered us to create one to 24à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦h ahead figures for every one of the 840à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦h in the acceptance set. We assessed the estimate precision of our models by registering the MAE for every figure skyline (1–24à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦h). We analyzed the gauge exactness attained to utilizing the VAR models to a benchmark uni-variate guaging technique. The benchmark strategy picked was occasional Holt-Winters exponential smoothing. Exponential smoothing is a standout amongst the most common determining strategies and in light of its prosperity and incessant utilization we felt that it gave a reasonable benchmark. The last goal was to investigate the potential utility of our multivariate determining models to give choice backing continuously for operational and asset designation undertakings. To do this we assessed the oppressive force of the yield from our gauging models in anticipating cases when satisfactory patient-to-medical attendant proportions would be surpassed. We utilized the four to one ED patient to ED attendant proportion that is commanded by the condition of California as our reference standard of an adequate patient-to-medical caretaker proportion. We characterized any occurrence where the watched ED registration surpassed the normal ED statistics by four or more patients (i.e., the ED is understaffed by a full attendant) as a case of under-staffing. We confirmed that in these cases it would be valuable to have propelled cautioning that would empower an extra RN to be reached preceding the adequate patient-to-attendant proportion being surpassed. Keeping in mind the end goal to do this we entered the figure deviation from the normal ED enumeration (conjecture ED censusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢Ë†â€™Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ED expected registration) for figures made 1–12à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦h ahead of time into a solitary variable logistic relapse model. The biased force of the single variable logistic relapse models taking into account the gauged deviation to anticipate occurrences of under-staffing was surveyed through the observational figuring of the full region under the collector working trademark bend (AROC) for every estimate skyline. Every measurable analysis including the determining model improvement and assessment were performed utilizing the R factual program. Table 3p-Values for bivariate Granger-causality tests conducted using the data from Hospital 1, column labels indicate which variable is being evaluated as a leading indicator (regressor), and row labels indicate which variable is being evaluated as the dependent variable Dependent variable Regressor ED Census ED labs ED radiography ED CT Inpatient census Inpatient labs Inpatient radiography Inpatient CT ED census NA 0.11 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.90 ED laboratories NA 0.39 0.24 0.21 0.09 0.23 0.59 ED radiography NA 0.54 0.71 0.37 0.25 0.02 ED CT NA 0.97 0.89 0.45 0.63 Inpatient census 0.98 0.88 0.16 0.24 NA 0.08 0.68 Inpatient laboratory 0.91 0.54 0.96 0.66 NA Inpatient radiography 0.74 0.98 0.51 0.74 NA Inpatient CT 0.35 0.11 0.25 0.07 NA Table 4Goodness-of-fit statistics (MultipleR2) for each endogenous variable included in the eighth order vector autoregression model for Hospital 1 Endogenous variable MultipleR2 ED census 0.97 ED laboratory volumes 0.80 ED CT volumes 0.50 ED radiography volumes 0.70 Inpatient census 0.99 Inpatient laboratory volumes 0.91 Inpatient CT volumes 0.71 Inpatient radiography volumes 0.88 Forecasting results Since our graphic investigations showed that almost no prescient worth was liable to be picked up by including variables speaking to inpatient request in estimating models for interest in the ED, we chose to fit two VAR models for every Hospital. VAR demonstrate 1, or the full model, included both inpatient and ED variables, while VAR display 2 included just ED variables. Both VAR models included ED understanding entries as an exogenous variable. Every model was equipped for creating conjectures just for the endogenous variables included in the model; in this manner, VAR display 1 created figures for inpatient and also ED variables, while VAR show 2 produced gauges just for ED variables. Since the accentuation of this study is gauging request in the ED we just report measures of exactness for ED variables. The consequences of our post-test model approval are introduced for every office. For every figure we present measures of the estimate slip (MAE) for conjecture skylines extending from 1 to 24à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦h ahead for ED registration, lab, radiography, and CT volumes. Every figure demonstrates the MAE accomplished utilizing VAR models 1 and 2 and the gauge precision utilizing Holt-Winters exponential smoothing. At Hospitals 1 and 2, VAR models 1 and 2 gave more precise estimates of interest for all ED variables for conjecture skylines up to 24à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦h ahead when contrasted with the benchmark uni-variate anticipating technique. At Hospital 3, VAR models 1 and 2 gave better or equivalent figure exactness for skylines up to 24à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦h for ED patient statistics, and for ED research center and radiography volumes. We distinguished almost no contrast between the estimating execution of the full model, display 1, and the model that just joined ED variables, demonstrate 2. This outcome verifies what we found amid our distinct examinations, i.e., that minimal prescient quality would be gathered by demonstrating the collaboration between inter est in the ED and the inpatient doctors facility. Fig. 11 exhibits four different plots, in the first we see the watched contrasted with the normal ED evaluation (taking into account recorded midpoints) for one week (11/26/2006–12/2/2006) at Hospital 2. This figure demonstrates that in a few examples amid this specific week (e.g., Thursday and Friday evening) there were vast deviations (12 patients or all the more) in the watched ED enumeration from the normal ED statistics. The three remaining plots in Figure present the watched ED registration contrasted with the guage ED statistics at 1, 2, and 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦h ahead. These plots demonstrate that 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦h ahead utilizing model 2 we have the capacity to figure ED statistics at a high level of exactness, at 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦h ahead our expectations are less precise yet ready to foresee critical takeoffs from typical ED evaluation levels, and at 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦h ahead our forecasts start to relapse towar ds the normal ED registration. Fig. 12 presents watched, expected, and anticipated research center volumes in the same route as in Fig. 11 for that week. Pretty much just like the case with ED statistics, Fig. 12 display critical variety even in the wake of representing hourly and week after week cycles. On the other hand, dissimilar to ED evaluation our model does not seem to do almost also at foreseeing compelling flights from expected standards even at short. Conclusion: VAR models gave understanding into the elements of interest in the ED and the inpatient healing facility at our neighborhood destinations, and gave more exact gauges of ED statistics for stretched out conjecture skylines when contrasted with standard univariate time arrangement techniques. http://home.ubalt.edu/ntsbarsh/stat-data/topics.htm http://www.j-biomed-inform.com/article/S1532-0464(08)00063-4/fulltext

Akc Dog Breeds Essay -- essays research papers

We humans classify everything that we have come to know in this world, from elements to all God’s creatures. Man likes to know he has control and the classification and selective processes man takes are all for control. Even mans’ best friend has been narrowed down into groups which man created. In each group are dogs that have been breed for a specific use to help man do a job faster, easier, and more efficiently. â€Å"Every breed is assigned to one of seven groups, based on the uses for which the breeds were originally developed† (AKC.org). Mans’ best friend has been categorized into the: Hound, Working, Terrier, Toy, Non-Sporting, Herding, and Sporting Groups.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Hound Group contains such popular dogs as the Basset Hound, Bloodhound, and Greyhound. There are 22 separate breeds in the Hound Group alone. This group can be further separated into the scent hounds and the sight hounds. Scent hounds have been bred to find their prey by their overdeveloped sense of smell. Sight hounds were bred to spot targets at great distances and let their handlers know where the prey is located.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Working Groups is a group of 21 different breeds of dogs. These dogs â€Å"were bred to perform such jobs as guarding property, pulling sleds, and performing water rescues† (AKC.org). Some common breeds in this group are the Great Dane, Doberman Pinscher, and Boxer. These dogs were bred for specific tasks but all needed to be intelligent, quick at learning, and good companions. Most of the...

PHP vs. ASP Scripting Software Research Paper Essay

ABSTRACT This paper examines the differences between the ASP (Active Server Pages) and PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) scripting languages. Both ASP and PHP are scripting languages that can be used to create dynamic web pages which are capable of interacting and exchanging information with databases. ASP is a Microsoft product, and is used with Internet Information Server (IIS) which runs on Microsoft Servers. PHP was originally designed by Rasmus Lerdorf, and was later modified by various people. As a parsing language, PHP can run both on Unix and Linux servers, and also has a version that runs on an NT server. This paper also discusses the differences in cost, speed, integration of features, speed, additional costs, base language, database connectivity and Platform Compatibility between both languages. This paper also presents some suggestions offer recommendations as to when one of these languages should be preferred over the other, and how efficiency can be maximized in the usage of each of these scripting languages Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ASP and PHP are both website design scripting languages that are processed by backend severs like Apache Server and Windows OS. Apache Server is usually used for PHP and a Windows OS with IIS Server is used to process ASP scripted websites. PHP processed website scripts can also be processed by UNIX OS backend servers, while Window OS IIS backend servers are used to process ASP scripts. ASP.NET is part of the .NET Framework and is the core technology for developing web applications and XML Web Services. ASP.NET is a compiled, .NET-based environment; you can author applications in any .NET compatible language, including Visual Basic .NET, C#, and JScript .NET. Additionally, the entire .NET Framework is available to any ASP.NET application. Developers can easily access the benefits of these technologies, which include the managed common language runtime environment, type safety, inheritance, and so on. .NET developers write Web Parts using Visual Studio.NET 2003. The Web Part Framework is the basis for extensibility in Windows SharePoint Services. It allows developers to write custom components that plug into the SharePoint infrastructure by encapsulating web services and enterprise data as Web Parts. Web Part Pages are special ASP.NET pages which are the building blocks of a Windows SharePoint Services based data driven web site. Web page authors can use Microsoft FrontPage 2003 to leverage Windows SharePoint Services and use the Web Part Framework to easily build data driven web sites using a library of readily available web parts. Microsoft FrontPage 2003 integrates closely with Windows SharePoint Services and is the easiest and the most powerful web site design tool that enables creation of a new category of collaborative, scalable, data driven web sites. (http://www.sharepointcustomization.com/resources/whitepapers/webpartdocs/wp_asp_net.doc)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PHP and ASP are the two best web technologies in use today. In their own ways, they have created trust and market for their product and development environment, although many people are of the opinion that PHP is an all around better choice than ASP.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Anstey, â€Å"PHP belongs to a free software community and open source general purpose software which is very easy to use and correct its bugs from the community of developers around the world.† (Anstey 2003). ASP runs on an IIS server and is a free component with the Microsoft windows operating system. ASP offers various useful features like type safety, inheritance, and a managed common language runtime environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a broad sense, PHP is scripting Language, while ASP.NET is a Designing Tool. Also, PHP contains mainly scripting tabs, with a minimum number of controls being used, while ASP.Net has a lot of controls to the designing process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ASP.NET is a unified Web development platform that provides services necessary for developers to build enterprise-class Web applications. ASP.NET provides programming model and infrastructure for more secure, scalable, and stable applications. ASP.NET is a compiled, .NET based web environment developed in .NET compatible languages like Visual Basic .NET, C#, JScript.NET, etc. Additionally, the entire .NET Framework is available to any ASP.NET application. Developers can easily access the benefits of this technology, which includes the managed common language runtime environment, type safety, and inheritance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From many views and perspectives, PHP is an overall better choice than ASP. Although both ASP and PHP are languages used to build Dynamic Web sites that can interact with Databases and exchange information. ASP (Active Server Pages) is from Microsoft and is used with IIS (Internet Information Server) that runs on Microsoft Servers. PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is from Rasmus Lerdorf, who originally designed this parsing language which was later modified by different people. It runs on Unix and Linux servers and it also has an NT server version. (Pires, Halstatt 2005. ASP vs. PHP. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from http://www.webpronews.com/expertarticles/2005/12/22/asp-vs-php)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The foundation of all Web applications is that they deliver dynamic content over a protocol which by model is stateless. Most of the ASP.NET developments fall in client-server architecture programming model. Minimal points to be considered for a typical web application modeled as client-server architecture are given below. User interface and client environment (Page layout). Data verification, transfer and store. Security. Scalability, reliability and availability of the application. Optimized resource utilization and performance. Handling unpleasant instances gracefully. Navigation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PHP traces back to the development of Perl and C which emerged quite successfully as a result of the contribution of the various programmers around the globe and as a result of its being an open community. The various versions came out successfully through 1997 to 2004 where the features were added and successfully taken up to cater to the development paradigm of the large scale of internet users.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ASP came handy with Windows 95 with the features of IIS server installed. It was an established standard which takes into account the various databases into consideration and is based on the COM model. The various differences among PHP and ASP make sure that all to a good extent the feature are compiled and carries enough advantage to understand the loopholes and make sure that all the various utilities are enforced well. Differences between PHP and ASP   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PHP and ASP depict a large array of differences in the form of various factors. Some differences between ASP and PHP include differences in cost, speed, integration of features, speed, additional costs, base language, database connectivity and Platform Compatibility. Cost   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As PHP is not singly owned by any individual or an organization, it does not require purchase before use. â€Å"PHP uses a database technology named MySQL for back-end support. MySQL is also available free of cost.† (DuBois, 2002). The hosting and deployment of PHP webpages into the Linux server is quite affordable and can be done with ease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"ASP is synchronized with the Microsoft Windows operating system and comes along with it, thereby bearing the cost of the operating system.† (Glass 2004) Moreover, hosting ASP pages over the internet is expensive and features like email, file uploading and other features are quite expensive at the same time. PHP is free, but ASP is not free. If you want to use ASP, you have to use IIS, and if you want to use IIS, you have to buy Windows. Traditionally, the cost of Windows has been high. Microsoft has been aggressively trying to reduce this factor but they’re hardly going to give Windows away for free. The cost of running an ASP-based website implies a full Windows server platform; development costs are higher, software licenses are expensive and speed, security and flexibility are all sacrificed. (Anstey, M 2003)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     To run ASP programs, one needs IIS installed on a Windows platform server, which is not free. PHP programs can run on Linux, which is free. Even the connectivity of the database is expensive in the case of ASP as MS-SQL is a Microsoft product that needs to be purchased. PHP generally uses MySQL, which is freely available.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many of the tools used in PHP are free of charge and a lot of PHP code can be found in open source forums, because PHP is open source. â€Å"PHP also has inbuilt features like ftp, email from a web page and even encryption mechanisms but such features are not built into ASP, which requires some additional components. Therefore additional costs might be incurred for such components.† (Pires, Halstatt 2005. ASP vs. PHP. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from http://www.webpronews.com/expertarticles/2005/12/22/asp-vs-php) Speed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In terms of speed, PHP is faster than ASP, because when the speed of PHP and ASP are compared, PHP would have the upper hand. â€Å"This is due to the fact that PHP code runs faster than ASP. Also, ASP is built on COM based architecture, which is an overhead for the server, whereas PHP code runs in its own memory space.† (Pires, Halstatt 2005. ASP vs. PHP. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from http://www.webpronews.com/expertarticles/2005/12/22/asp-vs-php) Integration with operating environments and databases   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PHP makes sure that all the operating environments are taken care to its fullest capability and is compatible with Windows, UNIX, Linux, Solaris and others. Its platform dependency format makes sure that all the various compatibility with operating environments makes it quite viable in nature. PHP integrates with the databases like MySQL and others in a great fashion. â€Å"ASP on the other hand is compatible with Windows only and makes sure that Microsoft oriented databases like MSSQL server would be well integrated with it. For other database platforms it requires to download various libraries and components for integration and workability.† (Hull, 2002) Performance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PHP is an interpreted language and make sure that the interpreted nature makes it fast for getting the customization done. The memory requirement of the PHP pages is quite optimizable and runs very fast with the greater understanding of the various features. Database connections of PHP are also quite flexible and make sure that all the various database functionality like stability, transactions, replication, triggers and stored procedures are handled quite well (Merrall, 2000).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ASP on the other hand is a compiled language and the software glitches are quite often not corrected or take a long time to get it done. The compiled nature makes sure that all the various factors like throughput and response time is quite low for the hosted pages. Its exclusivity with Microsoft windows operating system makes it platform independent with regard to various hosting and access problems. PHP offers the best integration of speed and performance, and ensures that all the various promises are met for catering to the web development. ASP is most suitable with the Microsoft platform and makes sure that all the features are captured and managed for the various services. (Zhang, 1999). Base Language   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ASP has a type of syntax that resembles Visual Basic, and is closely related to Microsoft products. In contrast, PHP is based on the C++ language, and the syntax used for PHP looks a lot like C/C++ programming syntax. â€Å"C/C++ is still considered the best programming language by many programmers and people who love this language would surely feel more comfortable with the syntax of PHP.† (Pires, Halstatt 2005. ASP vs. PHP. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from http://www.webpronews.com/expertarticles/2005/12/22/asp-vs-php) Enhanced capabilities and compatibility   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These include file transfer programs and utilities, compression of data, uploading of files, integration of XML an MD5, encryption techniques and email facilities are not included in ASP, even if it does it requires the support of large third party packages installed, which are very easily integrated in PHP. PHP.net (2008) mentions that complex functions like dynamic images, IMAP, SNMP, dynamic flash, PDF, native access to Oracle, Ovrimos, Postgre, Sybase, mSql, MSSQL, Ingres, Interbase and Informix databases, LDAP, and sockets and many others are easily integrated with PHP, â€Å"however it would create a big problem with its integration with ASP. PHP is compatible with various web servers for its functioning however ASP requires it to be easily integrated with only IIS and PWS† as explained by Pires (2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PHP programs can run on various platforms like Linux, Unix, Windows and Solaris whereas ASP is mainly associated with Windows platforms. However, ASP can run on a Linux platform with ASP-Apache installed on the server. PHP is based on C++ language and the syntax used in PHP is quite similar to C/C++. C/C++ is still considered the best programming language by many programmers and people who love this language would surely feel more comfortable with the syntax of PHP. ASP on the other hand has a more Visual Basic kind of syntax that again is closely related to only Microsoft products. So, it depends on the individual, and which language he or she is comfortable with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For Database connectivity, PHP is being extremely flexible, and can connect to various databases, the most popular being MySQL. ASP mainly uses MS-SQL for databases. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Although both ASP and PHP are good web server end languages for web development, there are some differences between them that should be considered to ensure that factors like cost, installation, performance, and compatibility issues are economized to the full extent. Both languages have advantages specific to various users. Some would argue that both languages have their own importance, and usage of either ASP or PHP depends on the user’s requirements, the language and the platform in use. â€Å"If a user is looking for some e-commerce application development then ASP is probably the ideal choice. This does not mean that PHP cannot provide e-commerce solutions, but a lot of people tend to choose ASP in such instances.† (Pires, Halstatt 2005). If we talk about developing a discussion board then ASP is equally capable but some people feel that the best discussion boards are developed using PHP.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While PHP offers the best integration of speed and performance, and ensures that most web development requirements are met, ASP is most suitable with the Microsoft platform, and enables features to be captured and managed for various services. References Anstey, Marty (2003). PHP vs ASP. Retrieved 19, February 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://marty.anstey.ca/programming/php/articles/ An Architectural Introduction to Web Parts and ASP.NET A Microsoft ® Office FrontPage ®   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2003 White Paper. (Retreived from   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.sharepointcustomization.com/resources/whitepapers/webpartdocs/wp_asp_net.doc Argence d Ricardo (2008). Web Hosting, PHP vs AS.P. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://articles.topofhosting.com/web-hosting-php-asp.php DuBois, Paul (2002). MySQL Cookbook. O’Reilly, October 2002. Glass, Michael (2004). Beginning PHP, Apache, Hull, Sean (2002). PHP vs. ASP.NET Redux. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.oracle.com/technology/pub/columns/hull_php2.html Merrall, Graeme (2000). PHP/MySQL Tutorial MySQL ® Web Development. Wiley Publicizing sons. ISBN: 0-7645-5744-0. PHP.net (2008). See: http://www.php.net/manual/en Pires, Halstatt (2005). ASP vs. PHP. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.webpronews.com/expertarticles/2005/12/22/asp-vs-php Zhang, Ying (1999). Web Database Step-by-Step Guide.

The Renaissance, Renaissance And The Renaissance Period

Renaissance is a time period that starts a transitional cultural movement in Europe between medieval times and modern times. It means rebirth and begins in 14th century and lasts into the 17th century. Through out this time, many aspects were influenced by this cultural movement, such as art, music, science, religion and politics. Renaissance was marked by the humanistic revival, and people in Europe used this method in study, in order to searched for realism and human themselves in art. There are three stages within this time, called early Renaissance, high Renaissance and the late Renaissance. In history, the last two stages were very noticeable, although they both belongs to the Renaissance, there are many differences between†¦show more content†¦His greatest art work Mona Lisa is a non-religious painting, it not only shows the idea of humanism, also gives out other characteristics in the High Renaissance which are the use of harmony and balance. No matter the color or th e shadow scale, they all makes this painting more harmony. Also, the face and body of Mona Lisa are all in the middle, in order to give this painting a feeling of balance. Another example to show humanism is in Fra Filippo Lippi’s painting called Madonna and Child with Two Angels . In this art work, it is easy to see that Madonna and the Christ Child were drew just like human, in some ways people cannot even tell that these are divine figures. They have become so real, the outline of the halo gets weaker, Madonna’s facial expression looks sadly but not holy, although she is praying. In the late 15th century, Leonardo creates figures who are physical and real, and also come up with the other important element during the High Renaissance which is realism. When Leonardo was young, he was apprenticed to Andrea del Verrocchio — an famous Early Renaissance artist. He asked Leonardo to paint one of the angels in his painting called Baptism of Christ . His angle is beau tiful and graceful, he shows the angle’s upper body twisting to the left, but her head is raising to the right. Those elements like moving gently and ideally are the typical of the High Renaissance. However, although the growingShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance Period1577 Words   |  7 PagesThe Renaissance The Renaissance period was between 1400-1600 century. It began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe. The Renaissance time is were self paintings mostly came from. In most of the painting the people were nude. They started making the painting 3D. There are many things about the Renaissance. Renaissance means born a new. The concept enshrined in the world of Renaissance is actually one of rebirth. It was considered the beginning of modern history. The High Renaissance was fromRead MoreRenaissance Art : The Renaissance Period867 Words   |  4 PagesRenaissance Art The Renaissance time period was home to many new ideas in art. This includes new artists bringing forth ideas that had yet to be discovered and made popular. New themes and types of art were also being brought forward during this period. Numerous artists had to of been present to make Renaissance art the way it is. Some of the world’s most famous artists were working during this time period, including Leonardo da Vinci, and other artists like Sandro Botticelli and Lorenzo GhibertiRead MoreThe Renaissance Period1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Renaissance Sides 1 The Renaissance period was between 1400-1600 century. It began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe. The Renaissance time is were self paintings mostly came from. In most of the painting the people were nude. They started making the painting 3D. There are many things about the Renaissance. Renaissance means born a new. The concept enshrined in the world of Renaissance is actually one of rebirth. It was considered the beginning of modern history. The High RenaissanceRead MoreThe Period Of The Renaissance1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe Renaissance, â€Å"rebirth,† began in the fourteenth century which spanned all the way to the sixteenth century. This great cultural transition that spread throughout Europe was one of the most important periods of European history as the ideas of the Medieval age shifted to a more modern age. Throughout this period Europe experience many major achievements in literature, architecture, philosophy, and of course art. Out of the Renaissance, E urope gained many historically important artists like LeonardoRead MoreThe Renaissance Period3406 Words   |  14 PagesThe argument being put forward in this dissertation is that the Renaissance in Europe, with specific emphasis on Italy, during the 15th Century, was the most influential period in developing the ‘early modern’ human society. Many believe that this was due to its almost perfect location between Western Europe and the Eastern shore of the Mediterranean. By analysing various factors and sources, as well as different aspects of society, for example political factors and the views of contemporary textsRead MoreThe Renaissance Period836 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance Period The term Renaissance comes from the French word rebirth. The Renaissance was a period of European history, considered by modern scholars that occurred between 1300 and 1600. Many dramatic changes happened during the Renaissance. The Renaissance was a period of new inventions and beliefs. This period of time was drastically different from the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages the church had most of the power and its economy was based primarily on agriculture. ExplorationRead MoreThe Renaissance Period1254 Words   |  6 PagesThe Renaissance started in Italy during the 1300’s before spreading throughout Europe in the 1500 and 1600’s. It came about because of a change in the way of thinking. In an effort to learn, people began to want to understand the world around them. This study of the world and how it works was the start of a new age of science. â€Å"The people were curious and questioned the known wisdom of the church. They began to use experimentation and observation to solve worldly problems†. (Johnson). ManyRead MoreThe Renaissance Period1455 Words   |  6 PagesThe Renaissance period, also known as the time of â€Å"rebirth†, brought many new ideas from the early 14th to late 16th century. These ideas derived from old medieval beliefs coinciding with new modernist attitudes (â€Å"Bas ic Ideas of the Renaissance,† 2012). Of the many changes that occurred, politics and power, humanism, and the Protestant Reformation predominated. Many desired a strong central government and an end to feudalism, which gave way for the establishment of monarchies (â€Å"Introduction to RenaissanceRead MoreThe Period Of The Renaissance Period887 Words   |  4 PagesRenaissance literally means rebirth. It refers particularly to the rebirth of learning during this period. There was a tremendous revival of classical literature and art, but in the end it was the joining of this with the intellect of the Italian people that lead to the change of the Western World. This period was definitely more than just a rebirth though, it was also an age of new discoveries, both geographic and intellectual. Both of these resulted in changes of tremendous importance for WesternRead MoreThe Baroque And The Renaissance Period947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Art period went through many different transitional phases to become what it is now, but the most famous of these phases are the Baroque and the Renaissance period. During the Renaissance saw the appearance of the â€Å"rebirth† of its country. the painters use realistic portrayals of nature and the human figure by artists that were inspired by the ancient Greek and Roman art and culture. However, during the Baroque creative phase,the artwork that seemed to be unrealistic, clear and produced many